ABSTRACT
The present study is focused on the use of solid dispersion technology to triumph over the solubility-related problems of bexarotene which is currently used for treating various types of cancer and has shown potential inhibitory action on COVID-19 main protease and human ACE2 receptors. It is based on comparison of green locust bean gum and synthetic poloxamer as polymers using extensive mechanistic methods to explore the mechanism behind solubility enhancement and to find suitable concentration of drug to polymer ratio to prepare porous 3rd generation solid dispersion. The prepared solid dispersions were characterized using different studies like X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and particle size analysis in order to determine the exact changes occurred in the product which are responsible for enhancing solubility profiles of an insoluble drug. The results showed different profiles for particle size, solubility, dissolution rate, porosity, BET, and Langmuir specific surface area of prepared solid dispersions by using different polymers. In addition to the comparison of polymers, the BET analysis deeply explored the changes occurred in all dispersions when the concentration of polymer was increased. The optimized solid dispersion prepared with MLBG using lyophilization technique showed reduced particle size of 745.7±4.4 nm, utmost solubility of 63.97%, pore size of 211.597 Å, BET and Langmuir specific surface area of 5.6413 m2/g and 8.2757 m2/g, respectively.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Adsorption , Calorimetry, Differential Scanning , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods , Humans , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Polymers/chemistry , Solubility , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared , X-Ray DiffractionABSTRACT
The spike proteins present on the virus's surface attach to the ACE 2 receptors found in the lungs, heart, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract, thus facilitating viral entry into target cells (Rabi et al., 2020). In a case study, nine COVID-19 positive pregnant women were included that underwent cesarean sections to evaluate the clinical peculiarities of COVID-19 in pregnancy and intrauterine vertical transmission. The Newly Emerged Mutated Strains of SARSCoV-2 During the global transmission, the SARS-CoV-2 has been mutated several times, leading to the emergence of a new strain of the virus called "SARS-CoV-2 VUI 202012/01". Since November 2020, a hike has been reported in the number of cases in London, accounting for around 60%. [...]this strain can rapidly evade the host immune response by increasing binding sites and altering the surface structures recognized by antibodies (Volz et al., 2020).
ABSTRACT
Nanotechnology in association with herbal medicine can lead to enhanced therapeutic and diminished adverse effects of medication. In turn, it can lead to synergistic effects of administered compound overcoming its demerits. Nowadays, the trend of herbal compounds to treat even a small illness is gaining momentum. Gone are the days when the ineffectiveness of a compound was impossible to be dealt with. Nevertheless, in this competitive era of science and innovative technology, it has become possible to maximize the usefulness of ineffective yet potent herbal compounds. The demand for herbal compounds is getting amplified because of their ability to treat a myriad of diseases, including COVID-19, showing fewer side effects. The merger of nanotechnology with traditional medicine augments the potential of herbal drugs for devastating dangerous and chronic diseases like cancer. In this review article, we have tried to assimilate the complete information regarding the use of different nanocarriers to overcome the drawbacks of herbal compounds. In addition, all the recent advancements in the herbal field, as well as the future exploration to be emphasized, have been discussed.